绵羊羊角形态与遗传调控机制的研究进展

绵羊是较早驯化的家畜之一，可为人类提供肉、毛、奶等产品，因而在我国畜牧产业中占有重要的地位。由于各地自然环境的差异和社会需要的不同，经长期的选择形成了数百个外表特征和生理习性各具特色的绵羊品种。羊角作为绵羊品种的特征性表型，承担着双重功能，发达的羊角不仅有利于公羊个体提高其在种群内的地位，拥有优先交配权，还可以有效抵御天敌的攻击，使群体免受捕食伤害；然而，随着规模化养殖的推广，羊角的存在已不利于舍内饲养管理，进而对绵羊品种的培育工作提出了新要求。目前，羊角虽在实际生产和品种培育工作中受到广泛关注，但其形态多样性及遗传调控机制的研究尚显不足。本文根据我国现有绵羊品种，对角的数量和形态、发育过程、遗传调控机制等方面的研究进行了综述，不仅能为后期鉴别绵羊羊角多样性的突变位点和主效基因提供参考，也可为绵羊的新品种培育奠定相关的理论基础。     

辣椒细菌性果实条斑病菌生物学特性及抑菌药剂筛选

研究辣椒细菌性果实条斑病菌的生物学特性,对病原菌进行室内药剂筛选,旨在为田间病害规律研究和病害防治提供依据。采用紫外分光光度计测定病原菌在不同温度、pH、NaCl浓度下的生长速率。采用滤纸片抑菌圈法对病原菌进行室内药剂筛选试验。结果表明,辣椒细菌性果实条斑病菌最适生长温度为28℃,最适pH 7.0,病原菌的耐盐性为12%。18种供试药剂在药剂推荐使用剂量范围内,四霉素、乙蒜素、77%志信、氯溴异氰尿酸4种药剂对病原菌有抑菌效果,对这4种药剂进行毒力测定,结果表明四霉素的毒力较强,EC₅₀值为11.75 mg/L,毒力强于其他3种试剂,四霉素可作为田间防治药剂的首选。     

玉米秸秆基纤维素保水剂对土壤持水性能及冬小麦根系生长的影响

为探讨自制的玉米秸秆基纤维素保水剂(SAP)在农业生产上的应用潜力,利用扫描电镜表征了SAP吸水前后形貌变化,探究了SAP施用量对土壤持水性能和不同程度水分胁迫下冬小麦根系生长的影响。结果表明：SAP在土壤中吸水膨胀后降低了土壤容重,土壤最大水分含量较不施SAP显著提高19.1%~67.6%,同时降低了前3天土壤水分蒸发速率。轻度（60%~70%田间持水量）和中度（40%~50%田间持水量）水分胁迫下,施用0.4% w/w SAP处理冬小麦总根长提高15.9%和24.7%,根系活力提高29.6%和43.5%,但充足供水（75%~90%田间持水量）时施用SAP对冬小麦根系活力无显著影响。因此,玉米秸秆基纤维素保水剂施入土壤后能够改善土壤持水性能,从而缓解水分胁迫对冬小麦根系生长的抑制效应。     

我国内蒙古西部地区国有林场经营现状与发展问题探析

国有林场在内蒙古林业生态建设中具有骨架作用,是祖国生态安全屏障的重要组成部分与支撑点,也是贯彻落实生态文明建设,践行“绿水青山就是金山银山”理念不可或缺的重要实施主体。在深入了解与掌握内蒙古自治区西部地区6个市国有林场经营现状的基础上,总结归纳了内蒙古西部地区国有林场经营的特点,深入分析了内蒙古西部地区国有林场面临的问题与困境,并探讨解决这些问题的途径,为国有林场今后的发展提出了合理化建议。     

土壤管理措施对坡耕地侵蚀退化耕层的恢复作用

【目的】紫色土坡耕地土壤侵蚀严重,研究土壤管理措施对不同侵蚀程度坡耕地耕层侵蚀恢复作用,为紫色土坡耕地耕层质量调控和坡耕地持续利用提供理论及实践依据。【方法】采用单因素方差分析（One-way ANOVA）检验各指标的差异显著性,研究不施肥（CK）、施化肥（F）、施生物炭+化肥（BF）3种土壤管理措施对侵蚀0 cm（S_-0）、侵蚀5 cm（S_-5）、侵蚀10 cm（S_-10）、侵蚀15 cm（S_-15）、侵蚀20 cm（S_-20） 5个不同侵蚀程度坡耕地耕层土壤属性的恢复作用。【结果】（1）随侵蚀程度增加,土壤砂粒含量由38.1%—42.4%逐渐增至44.2%—46.4%,土壤黏粒含量由12.6%—14.8%逐渐减少至9.6%—11.0%;与S_-0、S_-5、S_-10相比,S_-15、S_-20土壤容重显著增大;S_-10侵蚀程度下,土壤抗剪强度最大,在8.71—9.56 kg·cm^-2之间;F、BF处理下S_-15侵蚀程度的土壤稳定入渗率、平均入渗率降幅均最大。（2）不同管理措施下坡耕地耕层土壤属性差异显著,BF处理下土壤砂粒含量小、黏粒含量最大,0—10 cm、10—20 cm土层土壤容重显著低于CK（P<0.05）,土壤总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度均显著高于CK、F处理;BF处理下土壤初始入渗率、稳定入渗率、平均入渗率均最大,CK处理最小;与CK处理相比,BF处理土壤抗剪强度显著增大。（3）随侵蚀程度增加,土壤可蚀性K值显著下降,与S_-0相比,S_-20侵蚀程度下土壤可蚀性K值下降0.1960%—0.2192%;BF处理下土壤可蚀性K值最大,F处理次之,CK最小;S_-10侵蚀程度下F、BF处理的K值均较CK增加幅度最大,分别增加0.0684%、0.1404%。【结论】施加生物炭+化肥在改善土壤物质组成、结构特征、提高土壤蓄渗性能等方面较单施化肥效果更为显著,可有效减轻紫色土坡耕地耕层土壤侵蚀,对侵蚀10 cm条件下的坡耕地耕作层（0—20 cm）土壤的改良效果最佳。     

Construction and Partial Biological Characteristics Analysis of Listeriolysin S llsB Gene Deletion Strain

In order to analyze the effect of listeriolysin S (LLS) llsB gene deletion on the biological characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes (LM),this study used homologous recombination to construct the llsB gene deletion strain LM90-ΔllsB,and the biological characteristics of growth characteristics,median lethal dose (LD₅₀) and organ-borne bacteria were studied in healthy Kunming male mice at 8 weeks old and weighing 40 g±5 g.The llsB gene deletion strain was successfully constructed,and the deletion strain had good genetic stability through continuous passage to 20 generations in vitro.Based on its growth curve examination,we found that the growth rate of the mutant strain was slightly higher than that of the parent strain.The results of mice infection test showed that the LD₅₀ of the parent strain and the deletion strain were 10^6.17 and 10^6.50 CFU,respectively.Compared with the parent strain,the amount of bacteria load of the deletion strain in the liver and spleen of the mice was extremely significantly decreased (P<0.01),the results showed that the infection ability of the mutant strain on mice was obviously weakened.No Listeria monocytogenes was detected in the brain.The results suggested that llsB gene might have direct or indirect regulatory effect on some biological characteristics of LM90,and it would provide a theoretical basis for further understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of LLS,prevention and control of listeriosis.     

Responses of carbon metabolism and antioxidant system of summer maize to waterlogging at different stages

A field experiment was performed to explore responses of carbon metabolism, antioxidant system and endogenous hormone content of summer maize hybrids DengHai605 (DH605) and ZhengDan958 (ZD958) to waterlogging at the third leaf stage (V3), the sixth leaf stage (V6) and the 10th day after the tasselling stage (10VT). Results showed that waterlogging significantly decreased the contents of zeatin riboside (ZR), indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellic acid (GA), compared to those of CK. However, leaf abscisic acid (ABA) content was significantly increased by waterlogging at different stages, with the most significant increase was found in the treatment of waterlogging at V3 (V3‐W), with an increase of 30% and 29% for DH605 and ZD958, respectively. Waterlogging significantly decreased antioxidative enzyme activities, accelerating leaf senescence, resulted in the disorder of leaf gas exchange parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. In addition, waterlogging decreased key enzyme activities of carbon metabolism (ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase), with the most significant reduction in V3‐W, with a decrease of 46% and 49% for DH605, and 53% and 55% for ZD958, respectively. Visibly, waterlogging disturbed carbon metabolism, affected plant endogenous hormone content, accelerated leaf senescence and eventually resulted in a significant reduction in photosynthetic characteristic and grain yield. V3 was most susceptible to waterlogging, followed by V6 and 10VT.     

一株耐铝甜瓜枯萎病拮抗细菌的分离鉴定及其耐铝特性研究

从甜瓜根际酸性土壤中分离筛选到1株耐铝甜瓜枯萎病拮抗菌，命名为A2。根据表型、生理生化特征和16S rRNA基因序列相似性分析，将其鉴定为Pseudomonas sp.。菌株A2对甜瓜枯萎病病原菌的相对防效为68.3%，且拮抗能力具有遗传稳定性。相比AlCl3处理，菌株A2对Al2(SO4)3表现出了更好的耐受性，最高可耐受50mmol/L Al3+。在含有A13+的S-LB培养基中，菌株最适生长温度为30 ℃；培养基初始pH值的降低会加剧A13+对菌株A2的毒害作用。研究结果可为含活性铝的酸性土壤中甜瓜枯萎病的生物防治提供优良菌株资源和理论基础。     

蚯蚓养殖对幼龄胶园土壤养分及橡胶树根系生长的影响

本研究旨在探讨林下蚯蚓养殖对幼龄胶园土壤养分及橡胶树根系生长的影响。以牛粪作为原料，于 2017年4—11 月在 4 年生幼龄胶园铺设粪垄养殖蚯蚓，并测定土壤养分和根系生长情况。结果表明，与对照（CK）相比，铺设粪垄无蚯蚓养殖（WQ）和铺设粪垄蚯蚓养殖（Q）处理总体上可显著提高土壤硝态氮、速效磷、速效钾和土壤水分含量以及土壤 pH，而对土壤铵态氮、有机质、微生物活性及微生物群系数量无显著影响（p<0.05）；和 CK 相比，WQ和 Q 处理显著促进根的生长，并提高吸收根的比例（p<0.05）。综上所述，在幼龄胶园养殖蚯蚓短期内（半年）可提高土壤速效养分含量，促进根系生长。